International Journal of Health and Clinical Research

Knowledge, attitude and perception regarding spectacle use among patients attending eye OPD in a tertiary care hospital

Avleen Kaur — 2024-04-30

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of avoidablevisionimpairment which significantly affects every aspectof a human’s lifeand is a treatable cause of visualimpairment that can be easily corrected by the use ofspectacles whichremains atime-tested to correct refractive errors.Method: Thishospital-basedobservational study was conducted in the OPD of the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of three months from January 2022 to March 2022.A total of 212 patientswere asked questions regarding knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding spectacle use. Data was interpreted in both descriptive and inferential statistics i.e., frequency and percentage distributionusing SPSS, version 20.0. Results: It was observed that the majority of patients were in the age group of 28-37 years (32.54%) and the male: female ratio was 1.14:1.Most (56.41%) of the patients had inadequate knowledge regarding the use of spectacles. There was a mixed perception and a favorable attitude noted among study participants. Themost common problem faced was the fogging of glasses (70.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that some of these issues are minor and can be corrected using better quality lenses available nowadays. Lenses can be chosen according to the needs. However, there is an issue of financial expense due to frames and glasses. Education and propagation of information about refractive errors and spectacle use in schools and colleges by various stakeholders would help in clearing the fallacies and any misconceptions regarding the use of spectacle use. A concerted effort from eye care professionals, mass media, and ministries of health and education in India, should thus be the way forward.

Hematological profile in geriatric patients with special emphasis on morphological and etiological classification of anemia in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital

Roshani A. Patel — 2024-04-30

Background& Objective: Anemia is prevalent among geriatric populations and can have significant implications for health outcomes. Understanding the hematological profile of geriatric patients, particularly the morphological and etiological classification of anemia, is crucial for effective management and intervention.This study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, etiology, and correlation of red blood cell indices with anemia in geriatric patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted on data from geriatric patients with anemia, focusing on age, gender distribution and etiology. Hemoglobin levels and hematological indices were correlated with underlying causes of anemia. Results: The majority of participants (83.6%) fell within the 65-75 age range, with a slightly higher representation of females (56.2%). Iron deficiency (35.2%) was the most common cause of anemia, followed by anemia of unknown etiology (34.2%), anemia of chronic diseases (19.6%), megaloblastic anemia (8.5%), and dimorphic anemia (2.5%). Correlation analysis revealed distinct patterns in red blood cell indices across different etiological subtypes, with significant differences in hemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the hematological profile of geriatric patients with anemia, highlighting the prevalence, causes, and correlations associated with this condition. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive assessment and tailored management strategies for older adults with anemia. Prospective, multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and improve outcomes for geriatric patients with anemia.

Development of Quality Control Parameter of Datura alba

Amisha Maheshwari — 2024-04-30

Plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Daturaalba is a wild weed belonging to family Solanaceae. The preliminary phytochemical investigation was performed on methanolic, acetone extract of Datura alba revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds, while phytochemical analysis of Datura albashowed that it contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, Terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides.

Association of Autoimmune Thyroiditis with Thyroid Dysgenesis

Dibendu Ghosh — 2024-04-30

Introduction: The thyroid gland is bilobed, with isthmus bridging the two lobes. The thyroid gland develops from the thyroglossal duct, which arises from the foramen caecum as an endodermal thickening during 3th week of intrauterine life, which reaches its definitive position by the seventh week. The high division of the thyroglossal duct can lead to the creation of two distinct lateral thyroid lobes and the absence of the thyroid isthmus. Hence, agenesis of the thyroid gland can be linked to its early embryonic development. Thyroid dysgenesis is also clinically associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (e.g. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), dysorganogenesis, and ectopic thyroid tissue. Aim: To establish an association of Autoimmune thyroiditis with thyroid dysgenesis. Settings and Design: Descriptive observational study. Methods and Material: A study was conducted on 51 formalin fixed cadaveric thyroid glands over twenty months. After carefully dissecting the anterior aspect of the neck, the thyroid glands with absent isthmus were identified and subjected to histological examination. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis and sample size calculation was done using formula for prevalence as per previous studies. Results: Out of 51 thyroid glands, five glands (9.8%) were found to have absent isthmus and were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. All glands demonstrated the presence of diffuse lymphocytic infiltration and atretic thyroid follicles. Three glands showed the presence of hurthle cells, empty thyroid follicles along with diffuse lymphocytic infiltration which are typical histological features of autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusions: The present study of thyroid dysgenesis can be histologically correlated with Autoimmune thyroiditis due to the presence of specific features, such as hurthle cells, diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate, atretic and empty thyroid follicles as seen in 10X and 40X magnification in all five glands. All of the above histological findings are typically seen in auto immune thyroiditis.