Prevalence of Metabolic syndrome in abdominal obesity: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome has been widely studied by several researchers, little is known about it in with respect to population size as this study was a small inpatient study. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was toestimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, diabetes, lipid profile, Anthropometric profile, history and present history) in abdominal obesity. Methods:All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study.Inclusion Criteria included patients with waist circumference > 89 cm in men and >80 cm in women (as per NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III - ATPIII). Results:In the current study, mean age of study participants (male:61% and female:39%) was around 51 yrs. Out of 61 male patients, 28 patients were below the age of 50 yrs. Whereas, out of 39 female patients admitted, 16 patients were below the age of 50 yrs. Positive family history of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease was observed in 17 female participants (43.6%) and 18 of male participants (29.5%) 48 (78.7%) of the male participants were smokers where as no females had history of smoking. The history of IHD was present in 12 females (30.8%) and 11 male (18%). Further, out of 61 male patients 45.9% males had total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, 45.9% patients had HDL<40mg/dl, 59% patients had TGA>150 and 42.6% patients were on lipid lowering agents. Out of 39 female patients 48.7% had total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, 20.5% patients had HDL<35mg/dl, 56.4% patients had TGA>150 and 20.5% patients were on lipid lowering agents. Out of 61 male patients 72.6% patients had BMI>25 and 42.1% male patients had BMI <25. 27.4% female patients had BMI >25 and 57.9% female patients had BMI <25. the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 67 % in our study group. The prevalence of MS was found to be significantly less in lower age groups (particularly in 20-30 years). The sex wise prevalence of metabolic syndrome was males of 70% and 61.5% of females. Conclusion:Average prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 67% in our study group. Moderate age group (41 to 60 years) comprised 37% prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference was found to be the better predictor of metabolic syndrome when compared to BMI. All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlate positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity.