Evaluation of Axial Length Variations and Fundus Changes in Patients with High Myopia Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Myopia is defined as the refractive error in which the parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina when accommodation is at rest. Myopia is the most common visually significant refractive error, with prevalence of nearly 25% for whites and 13% for blacks. Objective:To evaluate axial length and fundus changes among patients with high myopia presenting to a tertiary care hospital
Materials and Methods:The present Cross sectional study was conducted in the department of in Ophthalmology in in Sri Siddhartha Medical College from November 2017 to October 2019.A total of 92 study participants/ subjects consisted of patients presenting to the out-patient facility of all units of the Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital &Research Centre, Tumkur were included in the study. Results : The maximum number of patients were between 21 to 25 yrs of age, followed by 26 to 30yrs.It was observed that severity of fundus changes is more in eyes with longer axial length. Crescent is seen in eyes with axial length range of 22.35-33.31mm and Posterior staphyloma in the range of 32.08-33.31mm. It can be seen that the peripheral retinal degenerations were seen in axial lengths ranging from 29.02 to 33.31mm.Conlcusion: All eyes with greater axial lengths should undergo a detailed fundus examination for retinal degenerations and their management. Thus, biometry of the eyes using A-scan ultrasonography is a clinically useful tool for assessing the severity of myopia.