Embryological aspects and surgical implications on variations of left vertebral artery origin

Abstract

Background: Anatomic and morphological variations of the vertebral artery are of immense importance in surgery, angiography and all non-invasive procedures. Objective of this study was to elucidate the anatomic variations in origin of vertebral artery and its implications in the field of surgery.Methods: The study was undertaken in Anatomy/Gynaecology department of GMC Thrissur Institute/ from January 2015 to December 2015, for a period of one year. The study comprised of around 50 foetuses where the fetal dissection was done by thoracotomy and midline neck incision. Vertebral artery was traced up to its entry in foramen transversarium. Since the arteries were slender, further tracing was found difficult. Results: Of the 50 foetuses dissected, one male and one female foetus showed anomalous origin of left vertebral artery from arch of aorta (4% anomalous artery). The vertebral arteries originated between left common carotid and left subclavian artery. The length of each vertebral artery till its entrance to foramen transversarium was 2.5cm. The artery of female foetus entered C4 foramen transversarium and of male foetus to C5 foramen transversarium. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is therefore important to be aware of this rare variation in the origin and course of left vertebral artery as it might have serious implications in surgical and angiographic procedures.

Keywords: Vertebral artery, Foetus, Anatomic variations.