Assessment of Prevalence of Osteoporosis Among Female Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients at A Rural Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that is thought to result from chronic inflammation that may affect other organ systems. Evidence suggeststhat the prevalence of osteoporosisin patients with COPD is high and potentially important.The strength of the bone depends on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality. The BMD is measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This disease being severe but its prevalenceamongfemale COPD patients in North India is not well documented. Objectives: To find the prevalence of osteoporosis among female chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at a rural tertiary care centre of north India. Materials & Method: This is a cross sectional study conducted between January 2019 to June 2020 in Department of Respiratory Medicine, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah. Female COPD patients those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study and Classification of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis were done by World Health Organization Criteria.Result: A total of 210 female COPD patients were included. The mean age of the patients in this study was 63.38 +10.54years with a range from 40 to 92 years.In this study 88% patients were exposed to biomass fuel smoke and 44.76% were exposed to smoking. Out of 210 female COPD patients 44.29% were of GOLD Stage2, 30.48% were of GOLD Stage 3, 17.62% were of GOLD Stage 1 and 7.61% were of GOLD Stage 4. Out of 210 patients 3.81% had T-Score in DEXA Scan of ≥(-1.0) i.e. Normal, 25.71 % had T-Score in range of (-1.0) to (-2.5) i.e. Osteopenia and 70.48% had T-Score in DEXA Scan <(-2.5) i.e. Osteoporosis.Conclusion: Out of 210 patients prevalence of Osteoporosisin female Copd patients was 70.48%. There was a significant correlation of severity of COPD (GOLD Stage) with Osteoporosis. There was no positive correlation between route and duration of steroid use with Osteoporosis and number of COPD exacerbations with Osteoporosis. There was no significant correlation between Body mass index (BMI) and Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is common in female patients with COPD and its presence may have significant impact on the quality of life of such patients.