Study of correlation between obesity and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study from Bundelkhand medical college

Abstract

Background: With the rapid rise in incidence and prevalence over the last two decades, type 2 diabetes has become a global issue. The economic burden of diabetes on individuals and the nation is expected to rise as the epidemiological burden of diabetes grows. Glycemic control is critical for diabetes management because obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of T2DM and its complications. Aims and objectives: The aim of this research was to observe if there was a link between obesity and T2DM, as well as to see if there was a link between obesity and dysglycemia.Materials and methods: Hundred T2DM patients with age between 30-70 years with more than one year duration of diabetes were studied.Participants had their anthropometric measurements, comprehensive histories, and biochemical indices evaluated. All the subjects' medical history was documented, including their age, gender, diabetes length, and diabetes family history. The subjects were measured without the use of shoes or clothes, and according to the updated consensus guidelines. Body mass index, waist circumference, glycemic profile and blood pressure were also measured. Participants were divided based on BMI in to 3 groups viz. Normal BMI (18.0-22.9 kg/m2), Overweight (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) and Obesity (>25 kg/m2).Results: T2DM was more prevalent in 40-60 years of age (60%) and among males (60%). The mean age, duration of diabetes, FPG, were higher in male than in female diabetics while the mean levels of BMI and HbA1c are higher in female than male diabetics but not statistically significant. Duration of diabetes was longer in male as compared to female diabetics and statistically significant. Age of onset, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found to be only marginally elevated in males as compared to female diabetics. A positive correlation was observed between the BMI and WC of both female (r=0.68, p<0.001) and male diabetics (r=0.66, p<0.001), between BMI and HbA1c of both female (r=0.41, p=0.002) and male diabetics (r=68, p=0.021) and between WC and HbA1c of both female (r=-0.54, p=0.001) and male diabetics (r=0.75, p=0.021). An increasing trend in WC and BMI and HbA1c is seen from Normal BMI group to Obese group, p<0.05. A statistically significant difference was noted also for age of the diabetics (p=0.001), and age of onset of diabetes (p=0.002) on comparison of the three groups.Conclusion: Dysglycemia was found to be on the rise in diabetic subjects with average BMI, overweight, and obese. Diabetic subjects had a higher prevalence of both central and peripheral obesity.