A Study on Doppler of Fetal Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Artery in Preeclampsia with Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Correlation with Perinatal Outcome- In Tertiary Care Hospital, Kadapa

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ systems. Early detection of preeclampsia may allow vigilant antenatal surveillance and appropriate timing of fetal delivery to avoid serious sequelae. Doppler ultrasound study helps in detecting the extent of placental pathology and predicting the perinatal outcome. The aim is to study S/D ratio, Resistance Index, Pulsatility Index, Cerebro Placental Ratio and correlate perinatal outcome to Doppler Umbilical and Middle cerebral artery waveforms in Preeclampsia with FGR. This prospective observational study performed for a period of one and half year and a total of 100 Patients with 28- 40 weeks gestational age was undergone for Doppler waveform analysis of both umbilical artery and the middle cerebral artery. Out of 100 patients, 15 patients had AEDF and 4 patients had REDF; hence S/D ratio could not be calculated in them. Amongst the 81 patients, 38 patients (47%) had a normal umbilical artery S/D ratio (<3) while 43 patients (53%) had elevated S/D ratio (>3). Umbilical artery RI ratio 55 patients (55%) had elevated RI, and 45 patients (45%) had normal RI, umbilical artery PI values showed 57 patients (57%) with elevated PI values and 43 patients (43%) showed normal PI values. MCA S/D ratio analysis showed that was decreased in 56 patients (56%) and normal in 44 patients (44%). MCA RI showed 44 patients (44%) had decreased RI and the remaining 56 patients (56%) had normal values. MCA PI analysis showed that 41 patients (44%) had decreased RI and the remaining 59 patients (56%) had normal values. CPR analysis showed that 51 patients (44%) had decreased RI and the remaining 49 patients (56%) had normal values and showed that abnormal Doppler waveforms were associated with adverse perinatal outcome.