Prostate glands and prostate specific antigen study in a teaching hospital

Abstract

Background: Prostate carcinoma lesion is a global phenomenon causing morbidity and mortality in old males.Prostate specific antigen is gamma semino-protein secreted from epithelial cells, is a specific marker in screening of prostate lesions. Marked elevation of enzyme level beyond normal suggests neoplasia of organ. In non-neoplastic conditions also, mild to moderate elevation observed. The analysis of variation in its value will be of help to the consultants of this region to assess about different lesions of prostate. Method: The study was carried out from January 2016 to December 2018 retrospectively. Prostate specimens of simple and transurethral resections were sorted out from the specimens received in the pathology department. Haematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reviewed and diagnosed. Preoperative prostate specific antigen value of these cases analyzed statistically with relation to different diagnosed pathologies. Results: In this period, 103 cases of prostate lesion were included. Prostate adenocarcinoma emerged the highest (81 %) among noplastic lesions (10.6 %) followed by some rarer tumors e.g. sarcomatoid carcinoma and hemangiopericytoma. Among non-neoplastic conditions (89.4 %), benign nodular hyperplasia was the commonest finding (69.9 %). Prostate specific antigen value were markedly elevated in malignant cases with over 20 ng/ml in 8/11 cases, which is significant. Values above 20 ng/ml was detected in 8/92 cases. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of prostate above 65 years of age whereas benign nodular hyperplasia is the commonest affliction among males above 45 years. Prostate specific antigen above 20 ng/ml has definite relation with prostate carcinoma.