A prospective study on risk of diabetic foot in diabetes with micro and macro vascular complications

Abstract

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is found in as many as 13 million people nationally. Many of the clinical complications of diabetes may be ascribed to alterations in vascular structure and function, with subsequent end-organ damage and death. Specifically, two types of vascular disease are seen in patients with diabetes: micro and macro vascular complications. The former is relatively unique to diabetes, whereas the latter lesions are morphologically similar in both nondiabetic and diabetic patients.Objectives: To estimate the incidence of diabetic foot in patients of diabetes with micro and macrovascular complications.Methods: In this study, total330 subjects (M:F 170: 160), attending the diabetic clinic, were analysed. The study sample look like the population sample in anthropometric, age and socioeconomic factors. All patients had undergone the test for retinopathy by fundus examination, nephropathy by microalbuminuria, serum creatinine and blood urea, neuropathy by monofilament and biothesiometer, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) by colourdoppler and cardiovascular disease by ECG.Results: Among 330subjects, nephropathy was present in 9%, coronary heart disease (CHD) was present in 12.5% and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (diabetic foot) was present in 12.4% of the subjects. Duration of diabetes had significant association with the neuropathy, nephropathy and PVD (p<0.05). Higher HbA1C increases the risk of neuropathy, and nephropathy.Conclusion: The study highlights the high incidence of diabetic foot in patients of vascular complication.