Analysis of histopathological patterns of lung and pleural biopsy in correlation with immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Introduction: Lungs are the most exposed organs to different risk factors  like pollution, smoke, infections, tuberculosis and allergens. Lungs are covered by parietal and visceral layers of pleura within which pleural fluid is present. Aim of the study was to evaluate various histopathological patterns of lung and pleural biopsy in correlation with age, sex and immunohistochemistry examination findings.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of three year three months done at Pathology Department, S.S.G. Hospital and Medical College, Baroda from October  2016 to  December  2019. In present study, total 169 cases were received for histopathological examination, out of which 151 cases were of lung biopsy and 18 cases were of pleural biopsy. Immunohistochemical examination was done as and when required.Results:Lung biopsy of  151 cases  were examined. Out of which,  88 cases (58.3%) were neoplastic, 54(35.8%) cases were non-neoplastic and  9 cases(5.9%) were inconclusive. The commonest malignancy was  squamous cell carcinoma. Commonest non-neoplastic lesion was interstitial inflammation (6.6%).  Malignancy was seen more  common than inflammatory conditions  in patients presented withlung masses in our institute. While out of 18 cases of pleural biopsy,  6 cases(33.3%) were neoplastic and 12 cases (66.7%) were non-neoplastic. Adenocarcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion while tuberculosis was the most common non-neoplastic pleural lesion.Conclusion:Histopathological examination plays an important role in making a correct and accurate diagnosis of various lesions of lung and pleura. Although histopathological examination is gold standard, immunohistochemistry can enhance the accuracy of such diagnosis.