A prospective observational study of effect of vitamin d deficiency on adverse pregnancy outcome in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D is a part of complex steroid hormone system long known to be involved in the bone metabolism. Recently, the prevalence of rickets has increased sparking a new interest in vitamin D deficiency. In addition, studies of Vitamin D physiology suggest that effects of Vitamin D deficiency could be much broader than rickets including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, Diabetes, Infection, allergy and other pregnancy complications. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in the Department of OBG in Government General Hospital, Ananthapuramu. 100 pregnant women admitted in third trimester in labor ward were enrolled in the study. Study period was from January 2020 to December 2020. All pregnant women were subjected to testing serum Vitamin D at term after counselling and informed consent. Results: The present study was done on 100 patients admitted in labor ward in the Department of OBG in Government General Hospital, Ananthapuramu. Table1 shows the sociodemographic profile of patients according to the level of Vitamin D. Majority of the patients were>30 years (31.82%), completed Secondary school education (54.55%), House wife (86.36%), middle income group (65.91%), less exposure to sun (63.64%), not supplemented with Vitamin D (90.90%), multigravida (68.18%) and urban (72.73%) in Vitamin D Deficient group (Table1). Table 2 shows only (12%) pregnant women were Vitamin D sufficient and Vitamin D deficient and insufficient group were (88%). Conclusion: Our study shows high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and complications with pregnancy were less prominently seen in Vitamin D deficient group like PROM, preterm labor, Diabetes, Gestational Hypertension, increased Caesarian section rate and thus fails to show a direct relation between low maternal vitamin D level and adverse fetal outcome.