Self Esteem in Children WithAmetropia and Emmetropia

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization (2012) defines disability as follows: "Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in the functioning of body or its structure. An activity limitation is aim penetrability experienced by an individual in executing an action or a task; while a participation restriction is a serious problem experienced by an individual in involvement in his or her daily life situations. Thus, disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between a person’s features of body and features of the society in which the person lives.”Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design involves describing the characteristics of a particular individual or a group. “Descriptive Research Design concerned with conditions or relationship that exist, opinions that are held, processes that are going on, effects that are evident, or trends that are developing” . There are different methods used in descriptive research. Among the different possible approaches, the investigator adopted the survey method in his present study. According to Hill way (1964) the survey method is used to obtaining exact facts and figure about current situation. A survey method is an attempt to collect appropriate data from the corresponding population of the study, for describing a condition or to determine current status. The data were collected by using standardized scales, having well established psychometric properties. The sample technique used in the study was purposive sample technique. Purposive sampling is a technique in which samples are drawn to include particular areas or groups found in a population (Kerlinger, 1986). Results: Mean and Standard deviation and self-esteem scores of children with respect to emmetropia and refractory errors. The mean value obtained by Emmetropia (33.580), Myopia (29.652) Astigmatism (30.921) and Hypermetropia (30.2083) and their standard deviations are 3.123, 3.813, 3.879 and 4.191 respectively. There is significant difference between the self-esteem of children with emmetropia and myopia, hypermetropia which are statistically significant at 0.00 level. Emmetropia and astigmatism is statistically significant at 0.05 level. Emmetropia refers to an eye that has no refractive errors. Images formed on an emmetropic eye are perfectly focused, clear and precise than children with myopia and hypermetropia.Conclusion: When comparing self-esteem of children with emmetropia and refractive errors with respect to religion, children with emmetropia from Christian community have reported significantly more self-esteem than children from Muslim community and Hindu community. The significant mean difference has shown in the Hindu- Christian religious community. Children with myopia from Christian community have reported significantly more self-esteem than children from Muslim community and Hindu community. The significant mean difference has shown in the Hindu- Christian religious community.