Diagnostic efficacy of serum Lactate dehydrogenase, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, and Alkaline Phosphatase as markers of breast cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoma breast is one of the common cancers diagnosed in females and Research is in progress to identify the carcinoma breast in early stages and one of the methods is to detect certain biomarkers for the malignancy. The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, and Alkaline Phosphatase.Methods: A 5ml of blood sample was obtained from selected cases.The collected blood was allowed to clot following which it was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. It was stored at minus 20 degrees centigrade until analysis was done. The samples were analyzed by Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry Analyzers (Beckman Coulter India Private Limited) Kurla (W), Mumbai. The Histopathological examination and staging of breast cancer were done. Results: The LDH, GGT, and ALP levels comparison between group I and group II was not significant. The comparison of group I with group IV found all the parameters were significantly lower in group I than in group IV. Similarly, in the comparison of group II versus group III only LDH and ALP were significantly lower in group II. The intergroup comparison between Group III versus group IV found only ALP significantly lower in group III. Conclusion: LDH, GGT, and ALP were found to increase in patients with carcinoma breasts. They may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis following treatment. These makers may act as useful adjuncts with more sensitive procedures such as imaging, clinical and histopathological findings.