Histopathological Spectrum of Gall Bladder Diseases: A Three-Year Retrospective Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana, North India

Abstract

Background: Gallstones is the most common condition leading to cholecystectomy with a prevalence within India ranging from 2% to 29%. Long standing cases can induce mucosal changes in gall bladder mucosaranging from chronic cholecystitis, metaplasia, dysplasia and finally carcinoma gall bladder. Although malignancy is the most important condition to be ruled out on histopathology, it is important to understand the intermediate pathologies leading to this.Aim:1)To study the histomorphological spectrum of diseases affecting gall bladder in rural population of Haryana. 2)To identify the frequency of gall bladder carcinoma in this region of Haryana and its demographic correlation with other studies. Material methods: This was a 3 year retrospective study conducted in Department of pathology, Adesh medical college, Shahabad(M), Kurukshetrafrom a period of December 2016 to December 2019. Results were compiled into non neoplastic, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic category to study the spectrum of lesions in gall bladder specimens. Data collected was analyzed using (SPSS) v. 20.0 software. Results:Most of the histopathological changes were found in female gender with associated multiple mixed stones. Overall and among non-neoplastic category chronic cholecystitis was thecommonest pathology.Incidence of carcinoma was low (0.4%) as compared to studies from different regions of country.Conclusion:Present study provides an insight into the incidence, clinical profile and association of gall bladder conditions with gall stones in a tertiary care center serving the rural population of Haryana, North India.