Comparative study of serum electrolytes & urea level in patient infected with pulmonary tuberculosis & HIV with respect to ATT

Abstract

Objective: To study the effect of Tuberculosis and Anti tubercular drugs on Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3- electrolytes, and urea level with respect to ATT . Methods: Patients were classified in to 4 groups, normal patients, new positive cases of M. tuberculosis patients without HIV, new positive cases of tuberculosis co-infected with HIV, positive cases of M. tuberculosis patients on anti tuberculous drugs, over a period of one year. Comparative study of serum electrolytes & urea levels was done in patient infected with pulmonary tuberculosis & HIV with respect to ATT. Results: In our study Pulmonary TB was more common in males and in the 2nd and 4th decade of life. In this study groups we observe that 72.7% patients were male. In our study, most of the cases where non-smokers. study suggests that the sodium value was significantly lower in new case TB patients The mean sodium levels were significantly came down when TB patients on drugs compared to new case TB patients ( P < 0.05).There was a significant decrease in potassium value of new case of TB patients when compared with control There was a significantly lower mean value of chloride in new case of TB patients when compared with control ( P < 0.05) .There was no significant difference between new case TB patients and control in means of Serum Urea level (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Electrolyte and acid-base balance monitoring in patients with tuberculosis is recommended routinely. Serum sodium and Chloride further decreased in patients on Anti tubercular drugs. In Tuberculosis (TB) co-infected with HIV patients common electrolyte disturbances were decreased in serum sodium level and increase in potassium level. Close monitoring and aggressive management are mandatory in TB patients especially HIV co-infected patients as high incidence of electrolyte disturbances are common.