Association of fetuin-A, vitamin D, adiponectin and interleukin-6 with insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Diagnosing prediabetes has been a challenging task and till date it is done on the basis of levels of plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Fetuin-A, vitamin D, adiponectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can serve as an important marker for dianosing prediabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of these biochemical marker levels in predicting glycaemic outcome in people with pre-diabetes. Method and Materials: The present cross sectional study was carried out in Department Of Biochemistry at People's College of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal. A total of 900 subjects were included, out of which 300 were known type 2 diabetics, 300 were prediabetics and 300 were normal healthy individuals. Laboratory investigations included serum fasting and 2-hour glucose, HbA1c, insulin, fetuin-A, vitamin D, adiponectin and IL-6. Insulin resistance was calculated by Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: We observed that serum Fetuin-A, IL-6, insulin levels and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in known type 2 diabetics as compared to pre-diabetics and control group. Vitamin D and adiponectin levels were lower in type 2 diabetics as compared to pre-diabetics and control group. Conclusion: Increased Fetuin-A and IL-6 levels and decreased adiponectin and IL-6 had an adverse impact on glycemic outcomes in pre-diabetes thus suggesting that fetuin A, vitamin D, adiponectin and IL-6 can be used as a tool to determine the susceptibility of an individual to develop pre-diabetes and thus diabetes mellitus.