Histopathological Spectrum of Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Bone Lesions at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Abstract

Introduction: The spectrum of pathological bone lesions ranges from inflammatory to neoplastic conditions. Bone tumors are relatively uncommon constituting only 0.5% of all types of cancers. The final diagnosis of bone tumors should be based on an integrated use of histopathologic findings, clinical presentation and imaging characteristics. Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum of bone lesions and to correlate them with age and gender. Material And Methods: A retrospective review of histopathological reports of all bone specimens received in the department of histopathology for a period of three years from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. Results: On histopathological diagnosis out of 90 cases, non-neoplastic cases were 44.4% and neoplastic cases were 55.6%. Among neoplastic cases, incidence of benign lesions was 86% and malignant lesions 14%. Among nonneoplastic lesions, chronic osteomyelitis was the most common constituting 16 cases out of 40 nonneoplastic cases followed by avascular necrosis which constituted 12 cases. Osteochondroma was most common amongst the benign and osteosarcoma was the commonest among the malignant bone tumors. 59 cases were males and 31 were females. So M:F ratio is 1.9. Age ranged from 8 years to 80 years. Peak age incidence 11-30 years. Most common site for neoplastic bone lesion was femur. Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion. Among the bone tumours, osteochondroma was the commonest benign tumour and osteosarcoma was the commonest malignant tumors.