Retrospective analysis of clinical outcome of placental abruption in GGH Kadapa

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency obstetric risk factors, and the subsequent feto-maternal outcome in women suffering from placental abruption. Methods: Retrospective case series study in Dept. OF OBG, GGH, Kadapa from October 2020 to September 2021 whose gestational age crossed 24 weeks, data was collected from patient records, Variables included are age, gravida, antenatal care grade of abruption, associated complications like preeclampsia, anemia. The outcome assessed by mode of delivery, DIC, PPH, shock, ARF, preterm birth, intrauterine demise, stillbirth, NICU care. Results: Out of total Deliveries for 1 year in GGH Kadapa for the year October 2020 to September 2021 is 8747, Abruption cases are 46, gives a frequency of 0.5% of total deliveries. Out of all abruption cases, referred from the periphery were 6 in number, all others were unbooked cases. The majority of women (69.5%) were in between 20 to 30 years. The mean age was 27+/-5 years, the youngest was 19 years, and the oldest was 38 years ofage.70% were multigravida. 65% were delivered preterm before 37 completed weeks. The main mode of delivery was vaginal delivery (56.5%). The associated major risk factor was preeclampsia (63%).4.3% had PPH,4.3% went into ARF,8.6% had coagulation abnormalities,2.1 % went into shock,2.1% had liver enzyme alteration.43.5% had no fetal heart sounds at the time of admission.6.5% died after birth due to birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Abruption is an obstetric emergency. Frequency of abruption placenta is alarming high with adverse maternal and fetal outcome.