Study on clinical profile of neonates born to diabetic mothers in level III NICU

Abstract

Introduction: Due to raise of diabetes most of the infant of a diabetic mother (IDM) are at an increased risk of long term morbidities. With this knowledge, a study was conducted to find the clinical profile of IDMs and to know the incidence of congenital anomalies. Methodology: It was a prospective study, conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Gandhi Medical College from January 2018 to June 2019. An informed consent was taken from all the participants. Newly born babies to gestational diabetes (GD) and Pregestational diabetes (PD) mothers, were included. Mothers with heart, renal complications were not considered. GD was diagnosed using Carpenter and Couston Criteria and PD based on serial estimation of fasting glucose. The babies were evaluated by the specialist. Immediately, glucose level in the cord blood was measured and later at regular intervals using glucometric reagent strip method; mean was considered. Chi-square was used to find the significance; P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Total 140 diabetic women were recruited, 73% were diagnosed to be GD. Thirty four underwent normal vaginal delivery. Hypoglycaemia is the predominant (53%) metabolic abnormality. GD was diagnosed in 56% of the neonates; statistically there was significant difference. Hyperbilirubinemia (61%; 85) was the predominant haematological abnormality CVS abnormality was diagnosed in 8, 80% (112) of GD neonates were improved; statistically the difference was significant. Conclusion: GD is the major contributor among the pregnant women with diabetes. IDM are at high risk, due to congenital abnormalities. Hence, it is always ideal that they are delivered and managed at tertiary care centre so that intensive monitoring as well as therapy can be provided.