Etiological & Clinico-pathological study of thyroid swellings in NMCH , Sasaram

Abstract

Background:The present study was conducted to assess clinico-pathological profile of thyroid swellings at a medical school in South-west Bihar.Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of general surgery of a medical college situated in southwest Bihar from 2015-2020 on 240 patients with Thyroid swellings. Various investigations like thyroid function test (TFT) (T3,T4 and TSH), Anti TPO antibodies, FNAC of thyroid swelling, USG of neck, X ray neck AP/ lateral, Indirect laryngoscopy was performed. Results: Out of 240 patients, males were 76 and females were 164, male : female ratio is 1:2.15 Clinically diffuse non- toxic goiter was seen in 80, non- toxic MNG in 52, toxic MNG in 34, toxic solitary nodule in 25, toxic diffuse goiter in 15, carcinoma in 19 patients and thyroiditis in 15 patients. 68.74% patients is in between 30-60 yr. age group. Out of 240 pt. 132 were operated.  Most common operation done was Hemithyroidectomy which was done on 47 patients (35.60%), followed by Sub- total thyroidectomy on 42 patients (31.81%). Papillary carcinoma is most common malignancy which was found in 15 patients (78.94%) out of 19 cases of thyroid malignancies .Post operative complications, transient hypocalcemia found in 8 pts., transient hoarseness of voice occurs in 6 pts., post operative bleeding in 2 pts.Conclusion:   we had found that in south-west bihar region females were more frequently affected with thyroid swelling than male, of which diffuse non toxic goiter was the most common presentation. Most patients are in there 3rd to 5^th decade of age along with papillary carcinoma which was the most common malignancy found in this region. We have also found that USG guided FNAC gives more accure preoperative diagnosis when compared with post operative final histopathological report along with its limitation.