Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: Challenge of dual Co-Morbidities among Indians?

Abstract

Introduction: Non Communicable diseases (NCDs) like chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity are burden on the global health. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is projected to the third leading cause of death in world by 2030. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to diabetes mellitus (DM) and vice versa. Objective: To find out the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among COPD patients. Materials and Methods: Total 369 study participants were included in the study. Estimation of Fasting Plasma glucose (FPG), Post Prandial Plasma Glucose and Gylcated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Anthropometric measurements were done as per WHO guidelines. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was diagnosed as per American Diabetes Association (ADA). COPD was diagnosed and classified as per © 2020, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD). Result: Prevalence of T2DM was found to be 39.6%, 20.3% were known cases of T2DM and 19.2% were newly diagnosed. Increasing age, female gender, urban residence, longer duration of COPD, high BMI and smoking were found to be significant risk factors for T2DM among COPD patients. Presence of T2DM was associated with significantly more severe COPD cases. Conclusion: High prevalence of T2DM was found among COPD patients. More frequent screening of T2DM and good control of T2DM should be done because about 1/5th of the COPD patients had newly diagnosed T2DM and presence of T2DM significantly resulted in more severe disease.