Clinical study of diagnostic role of adenosine deaminase in pleural effusions

Abstract

Introduction: The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion is critical, because the earlier the diagnosis, the better the result. Biochemical markers aid in the early detection of tubercular pleural effusion. Such include adenosine-deaminase (ADA), interferon, and lysozyme. Among these, ADA determination appears to be the most promising due to its speed and low cost. The current study is being conducted to determine the diagnostic role of ADA in patients hospitalised with pleural effusion at hospitals affiliated with Kurnool Medical College, as well as to correlate the level of ADA in tubercular and non-tubercular pleural effusion. Methodology: The current prospective trial will last a year, from September 2020 to December 2021. All patients over the age of 18 who presented with clinical symptoms of pleural effusion and provided informed consent for the trial were included. A thorough history was taken, a physical examination was performed, and any necessary regular investigations were carried out. Results and Discussion: In our study, the mean SD in TBPE is 79.17, with a cutoff value of 40 U/L and sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 40%. Conclusions: The levels of ADA in pleural fluid were considerably higher in tubercular pleural effusion. As a result, our findings support the concept that pleural fluid ADA estimate is particularly important in establishing an accurate and early diagnosis of pleural effusion owing to tuberculosis.