Histopathological study of hysterectomy specimens

Abstract

Introduction:Women worldwide suffer from gynecologic and obstetric disorders that require hysterectomy as a treatment option. Uterus, a vital reproductive organ is subjected to many benign and malignant diseases. Many treatment options are available including medical and conservative surgical but hysterectomy still remains the most common gynecological procedure performed.Hysterectomy forms the major bulk among the specimens received in our histopathology laboratory, hence this study was undertaken to know the incidence and also understand the variety of lesions in the hysterectomy specimen.Materials and methods:The present study was done in the Department of Pathology, KIMS, HUBLI from June 2010 to May 2012, all types of hysterectomy specimens received during this period were studied, and the tissue was processed and stained with routine H&E on paraffin sections.Results:Total numbers of hysterectomy specimen received were 1077. In Endometrium, non-neoplastic lesions were 36 (3.3%). Among neoplastic lesions, benign were 38 in which 18 cases of leiomyomatous polyp and 20 cases of adenomatous polyp. Malignant were 13 (1.2%) in which 8 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma. In myometrium, the non-neoplastic lesions were 173 and neoplastic were 343 cases. In non-neoplastic lesions 170 cases were of adenomyosis and 3 cases were of chronic inflammation. Incidence of leiomyoma in present study was 31.8% (343/1077) with mean age of 42.42 years.In cervix there were 5(0.46%) cases of precancerous lesions, 8(0.75%) benign tumours and 22(2.04%) malignant tumours. Among 22 malignant tumours of cervix, 18 (82%) cases were squamous cell carcinoma, 2 (9%) cases of adenocarcinoma, 1 (4.5%) case of adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 (4.5%) case of carcinosarcoma.Conclusion: The present study reveals that the majority of tumours were benign, which were leiomyoma’s in myometrium, constituted 31.8% in the hysterectomy specimens, with peak age incidence in 4^th decade. Among the malignant lesions in the study, majority were carcinoma cervix,which constituted 39% of all malignant neoplasms followed by endometrial malignancies. Majority of patients with malignant neoplasms in the study were in 5^th decade.