Evaluation of role of hematological parameters in patients with Covid-19 infection : A study at private pathology laboratory

Abstract

Background: SARS COV2 is the third known corona virus responsible for fatal respiratory illness in humans. Abnormalities in the routine laboratory tests particularly hematological tests have the potential to indicate in a quick, practical and economical way, the need for a specific laboratory test for the diagnosis for SARS COV2. Patients of covid-19 pneumonia present with a wide range of hemostatic abnormalities. These hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19 are related with disease progression, severity and mortality. Besides these tests help in assisting the prognosis of the disease and clinical monitoring. Aims: to evaluate the role of hematological parameters in determination of COVID-19 disease severity. Settings and Design: The present study was prospective and observational study by observing the haematological parameters of 200 COVID19 positive patients. Materials and Methods: 200 Patients’ blood samples were tested for CBC (Complete Blood Count)(by 3part Mindray analyzer), coagulation profile, ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate), CRP (C Reactive Protein), Ferritin, peripheral smear examination as well as RTPCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Statistical analysis used: Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: 200 samples were tested for Complete blood count and significantly higher values were found in TLC, Neutrophil count as well as N:L ratio (Neutrophil:Lymphocyte Ratio), while lymphocyte values were significantly decreased. Thrombocytopenia and high ESR values were present in a significant number of patients. Coagulation profile, CRP, Ferritin values and peripheral smear findings were significantly deranged. Conclusion: Hematological and Biochemistry abnormalities in COVID 19 are significantly related with disease progression, severity and mortality.