Surgical Site Infections(SSI) in Non Traumatic Abdominal Operations

Abstract

Background: Nosocomial infections are a matter of immense concern to healthcare sector. Control of SSI is an important area for improving quality in health care sector. Hence its important to analyse the magnitude of the problem, study preventive measures and apply them in day to day practise in health care set up. Aims and Objectives: To study incidence, evaluate risk factors of SSI and formulate preventive strategies in surgical and gynecological wards of Rajendra Institute Of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Methodology: Cross sectional study(March 2019-February 2020). Results: Most of the patients were from 20-49yrs.(75.8%). Male-female ratio was 1.42:1. Most incidences of SSI was found in duodenal ulcer repair for perforation(50%), herniotomy and herniorrhapy (42.86%), resection of volvulus of sigmoid colon(42.86%)..Cases operated by junior resident 1 (50%) and junior resident 2(64.29%) had most incidences of SSI. Extended midline incisions (45.45%) had maximum SSI and pfannensteil (21.05%) had least when taking out percentages from respective operative incisions. E.coli(muddy thin pus) was mostly present (44%) among pus discharges from wound site. Conclusion: The overall incidence of SSI was 27.42%. The risk factors associated with SSI were: length of preoperative hospital stay greater than 24 hours; a longer duration of surgery; level of contamination, comorbidity of patient, expertise of surgeon, delay in initiating surgery and level of contamination. It is important the early recognition of the risk of developing SSI in patients undergoing surgery, so that preventive measures can be adopted with the aim of reducing surgical site infections.