Study of Fundus Changes In Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are the most common medical complications affecting 7-15% of all pregnancies. Pre eclampsia remains one of the top five causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. The preeclampsia/eclampsia syndrome is a multisystem disorder that can involve cardiovascular , hematologic , hepatic, renal and neurologic systems along with the eye and visual pathways. Aim: To study prevalence and assess various retinal changes in pregnancy induced hypertension and to determine the association of various factors of toxaemia of pregnancy with retinal changes which includes age, parity, blood pressure, proteinuria, and severity of the disease.Methodology: This is prospective observational hospital-based study. Total of 150 patients with a diagnosis of Pregnancy induced hypertension admitted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of our hospital were included in this study. Age, gestation period, gravida, level of blood pressure and proteinuria were noted. All Fundus findings were noted on Amsler grid . Indirect Ophthalmoscopy with 20D was used for fundoscopy. Results: A total of 150 Pregnancy induced hypertension patient’s fundus were examined. Mean age of patients was 25.1 years. The gestation period ranged from 20 weeks to 40 weeks; 34 (22.66% ) patients had Grade 1 hypertensive Retinopathy , 04 (2.6%) patients had Grade 2 Hypertensive retinopathy ; No signs of Hemorrhages or exudates or retinal detachment. Conclusion: Early ocular examination to assess severity of Pregnancy induced hypertension at regular intervals & timely intervention of time to prevent complications and improved outcome of pregnancy.