A study on Clinical diagnosis, hormonal profile and radiological correlation with Histopathology in MNG

Abstract

Background and Objective: Nodular goiter is the most common pathology of the thyroid gland. The disease is hyperplastic in nature. Palpable thyroid nodules are found in 3-7% of adult population and are more frequent in women. The basic objective of this study is - To evaluate the accuracy of radiology, and clinical diagnosis with respect to histopathology and role of hormonal data analysis for early diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: The study period is from Jan 2017 to Jan 2020, carried out in Department of Pathology, Gayathri Vidya Parishad institute of healthcare and medical technology(GVPIHC&MT), on the thyroidectomy specimens for detailed analysis of diagnostic efficacy, accuracy of radiology, clinical diagnosis with histopathology in detection of nodules in thyroid and their co-existent lesions. Results: A total of 180 histopathological case details were collectively analyzed. Out of these, 155 cases had hormonal profile data, 56 cases had radiological data. The study showed strong female preponderance with 41-60 years being the most common age group. Out of 180 nodular goiters studied, most of them were benign with only 12.22% malignant cases. The diagnostic accuracy for radiology- 89.5%, and clinical diagnosis- 92.1% were noted. Conclusion: Prior examination of thyroid by clinician, hormonal profile assessment, radiology of the lesion provides additional diagnostic aid to the conventional thyroidectomy. Though, histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing thyroid lesions, all these together minimize the unwanted surgeries and provide greater diagnostic yield.