Study of clinical profile of type1 diabetes mellitus cases attending tertiary care hospital in northern Kerala

Abstract

Background: The type 1 diabetes should consider an important disease both in diagnosis and management. Its prevalence in India is 0.26/1000 population according to a study conducted in1992.A study conducted in south India, Karnataka (4/100000) it is found out that higher incidence while comparing other Asiancountries. This study conducted to know clinical profile of type 1 diabetic patients attending Diabetic clinic Government Medical College Calicut.Objective:To study the clinical profile of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with special reference to the aetiologyand complications: A case series study.Methods:This study is a case series study of 52 diabetes cases purely on insulin and less than 25years of age attending diabetic clinic in MCH and IMCH under treatment in medicine and paediatrics respectively in Govt Medical college Kozhikode. Data were collected by taking detailed history and checking medical records with the patients.Results:The age of onset of DM 73.1% of patients were between 5 and15years of age. Femalesshowed higher incidence compared to males (F:M 1.6 :1). In this study no relation to consanguineous marriage  and father of 9 patients were diabetic and mother of only one patient was diabetic. While probing to the antenatal history of patients only one mother have gestational diabetes. No relation found in the incidence of type 1 DM and maternal age at the time of delivery.  Birth weight and incidence could not findout arelationship. significant relation could not find out with weaning of breastfeeding and other food products. (for example cow milk or gluten sensitive products). No vaccine related aggravation of incidence.in all cases polyuria and polydipsia were predominant symptoms .60% of them present with diabetic ketoacidosis.Conclusion:In total 52 cases studied most of them have age of onset between 5 and 15 years of age.antenatal  history , family history,birth weight ,immunisation ,viral or other infections during early childhood could not find out any relation with disease.Most of them present with polydipsia .polyuria and polyphagia  and 60 % had DKA at first  presentation.Further studies are required to find out etiology,to prevent the disease ,to manage properly and to delay complication of type 1DM.