Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancy with Anemia

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is an important risk factor in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of both maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Aim& Objective: The main aim of the present is to know the impact of anaemia on maternal and perinatal outcome. Methodology: The study was conducted at Govt Medical College & Hospital, Nalgonda during the period of September 2019 to August 2020. It was a prospective study, 300 antenatal women in the third trimester were included in this study. Results: Majority of study subjects were in the age group of 21-30 years-72.7%. Majority of anaemic women 64% belonged to low socio-economic status. Majority of anaemic women were school level educated- 64%. Majority of anaemic antenatal women were from rural area- 76.7%. Majority of anaemic antenatal women 61% were unbooked. 50% of the anaemic women were asymptomatic. Among 50% of symptomatic women most common presenting symptom was weakness and easy fatiguability. Only 6.3% of anaemic women gave history of increased menstrual flow. 61.7% of antenatal women were multigravida. Antenatal women with less inter pregnancy interval (< 2 years) were 67.6%. 65.3% anaemic women had calorie intake of less than 80% of normal diet. 17.3% women had not taken iron prophylaxis and 45.7% had taken inadequately during present pregnancy. Out of 300 anaemic cases, 46% were mildly anaemic, 50% moderate and 4% severely anaemic. The mean PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RBC count was reduced in anaemic patients indicating that iron deficiency is the commonest type of anaemia in pregnancy. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the commonest type of anaemia (59.7%) followed by normocytic normochromic anaemia (38.3%) on peripheral blood picture. Out of 300 anaemic women, 22% received blood transfusion during antenatal / intranatal / postnatal period. The most common associated complications during antenatal period was pregnancy induced hypertension (12.3%), thyroid disorders (10.7%) and antepartum haemorrhage (7%). 32% fetuses were preterm and premature. The major neonatal morbidities in present study were low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal jaundice. The perinatal mortality was 13.8% in present study. The most common maternal morbidity was puerperal pyrexia and puerperal sepsis 9.7%. There were no maternal deaths in present study. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest problem in pregnancy. In the present study low socio-economic status, inadequate antenatal care, poor nutrition, multiparity, close birth spacing were the risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy.