Morphological evaluation and clinical correlation of bone marrow aspiration cytology at tertiary care centre

Abstract

Background: Bone marrow examination is an important diagnostic test for hematological and non hematological disorder in carefully selected cases after clinical, biochemical and peripheral blood smear examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical profile of the patient necessitating for bone marrow aspiration and correlate with underlying pathology.Materials and method: This is a retrospective study done for 1 year. A total of 290 patients were included in the study. Data were collected from hospital record and pathology department record. Result: 290 patients were included in the study but 276 patients were analyzed with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The age range of subjects varies from 0 year to 80 years with maximum patients in the age group of 11-20(19.2%). The commonest symptom was weakness (30.8%) and the commonest sign was pallor (29.7%). The most frequent indication for BMA was pancytopenia(29.3%) followed by unexplained fever (13.8%) and suspected cases of leukemia (11.2%). The most common diagnosis was deficiency anemia constituting 31.9 % of cases out of which megaloblastic anemia showed highest incidence (16.3%). Among leukemia, AML was most common (9.05%) followed by CML-CP in 5.4% cases. Reactive marrow was found in 12.3% cases followed by normal marrow study in 11.6% cases. Hypoplastic marrow was found in 6.2% cases. Conclusion: BMA is an important hematological investigation useful for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic evaluation of various hematological and nonhematological disorders in carefully selected patient.