A Correlational Study of HbA1C with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the correlation of Glycated Haemoglobin with diabetic retinopathy in various age group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A detailed assessment like ocular symptoms, duration of diabetes, history of use of oral anti hyperglycaemic drugs or insulin and any other history like hypertension or any heart disease were performed. Local and systemic examination were done along with ocular examination. Visual acuity was done by using Snellen’s chart. Best corrected visual acuity was also recorded. Anterior segment evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscopy, 90 D evaluation was done. Funduscopy was done and funduscopic photography was taken with the help of ZEISS CLARUS 500 fundus camera. Results: Data was analysed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-office software. All data was tabulated and percentage was calculated. Conclusions: Retinopathy was commonly seen in middle age group diabetic patients. Males were more ponderance than females. Majority of the patients had suffered severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy from the duration of 20-40 years. And HbA1C level > 14 mmol/L was seen in most of the diabetic retinopathy patients. Thus, HbA1C level and diseases duration was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy patients. Hence, now a day, diabetic patients are being referred to ophthalmologists according to the type, onset and duration of diabetes. This humane attitude between the family physicians or general practitioners and ophthalmologists bears cardinal position in diabetes education programs.

Key Words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, HbA1C, age group.