Observational study on Drug Resistance TB among patients with New Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis- in Tertiary care centre

Abstract

Aim& Objective: This study mainly focuses on the detection, comparison of prevalence of MDR-TB among New smear sputum Positive TB patients. And To determine the pattern of drug resistance in them. Methodology: 100 cases of new smear positive TB patients are taken up for this study attending Out patient department at Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, AP, India. Out of which 80 cases are included for this study remaining are excluded as per criteria. Results: Commonest age group involved in this study was 41-50 followed by 31-40. Males are most commonly affected (87.5%).Most commonly Laburers are commonly affected about 75%. Cough (100%) followed by Expectoration, Haemoptysis and fever are the most common symptoms. Most common finding in respiratory examination was crepitations about 75%. And this alone present about 40% of patients. Wheezes were seen in 25% and bronchial breath sounds were seen in 37.5% of patients. Renal function test are normal for almost all patients. Most common finding in Chest X ray was infiltrations about 93%, total percent of cavitation was 38% and total percent of pleural effusion was 9%. And infiltration are most commonly seen in upper zone about 81.25% followed by mid zone involved about 55% and lower zone was 12.5%. Only 2.5% of patients sputum sample wee showing resistance to Rifampicin out of 80 patients. Conclusion: RIF resistance is the main indictor of MDR TB because the resistance to RIF mostly combined with the resistance for Isoniazid. Since, this is the indicator for prevalence of MDR-TB and all new smear positive patients should be screened for the same to early detection, prevention of spread and management of MDR-TB.