A study of non tuberculous bacterial pneumonia cases admitted in department of pulmonary medicine at a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. Despite being the cause of significant morbidity and mortality, pneumonia is often misdiagnosed, mistreated and underestimated. Aim: The main aim of the present study was to the impact of co morbid conditions on the prevalence of type of pneumonia, its severity and its outcome. Materials and Methods: This study entitled “Study of Non Tuberculous Bacterial Pneumonia cases admitted in Department of Pulmonary Medicine at Rangaraya Medical College and Hospital, Kakinada, during the period August 2018 to July 2020. All the cases of CAP admitted during this period in the medical wards were randomly selected and studied with patient consent. A detailed analysis of history, clinical examination bacteriology, radiology (CXR PA and lateral, CT) were done. Results: All the findings of this study were compared to similar studies done at other centres in India and abroad and available literatures were reviewed. The age group in this study group varied from 27-80 years, most of them were between 30- 65 years, predominantly middle and elderly age accounting for 96%. The incidence of pneumonia is most common in men (77%) compared to females (23%). The associated diseases in this study are COPD (35%) & DM (22.0%). The commonest presenting symptoms are cough (100%), expectoration (100%), fever (60%) other symptoms include dyspnoea (45%), and chest pain (13%). The haematological value showed leucocytosis (35%). The Sputum culture showed 23% streptococcal, 26% staphylococcus aureus, 9% pseudomonas, 13% Klebsiella, 16% normal comensols and 7% mixed, staphylococcus and klebsiella (5%), citrobacter(1%). Radiology showed preponderance of the rt. lung involvement and rt. Upper, middle and lower lobe accounting for about 42%. Conclusion: Medical line of treatment in appropriate time and with appropriate antibiotics and ventilator support in few patients. Duration of hospital stay increased in patients with co morbidities. Patients requiring ICU treatment in this present study include 15 (15%) of which 11 (11%) required ventilator support mortality encountered in 4(4%).