A study to evaluate the frequency and patterns of different cutaneous granulomatous lesions.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the frequency and patterns of different cutaneous granulomatous lesions. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India from December 2019 to May 2020. This cross-sectional study enrolled 120 cases of skin biopsies after histopathological confirmation of granulomatous lesions.

Results: Among 120 cases that  were studied , male predominance was noted with 73(60.84%) cases and females constituted 47(39.16%) case providing M: F ratio of 1.5:1. Most of the patients were  in age group of 20 to 30 years i.e. 45(37.5%) cases followed by 23 (19.17%) case in 30 to 40 years. 85% of cases were seen below 50 years of age in our study. Infectious granulomatous dermatoses were very common. Only 2 cases of sarcoidosis were found.  Most cases of infectious dermatoses were noted in 20 to 30 years comprising 45(37.5%) cases. Leprosy remained the significant causative reason for infectious granulomatous dermatoses succeeded by tuberculosis of skin.

Conclusion: Leprosy was the most common cause of cutaneous granuloma followed by Tuberculosis, fungal infection and foreign body reaction. Among the cases of leprosy, borderline tuberculoid leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy were the commonest subtype.

Keywords: cutaneous lesions, leprosy, tuberculosis