Study of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by brachial artery flow dilatation using linear probe 2D ultrasound

Abstract

Introduction:  Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a Metabolic as well as vascular disorder and if uncontrolled results in many micro and microvascular complication. One among them is cardiovascular disease. Type 2 DM is major cause of Cardiovascular disease by affecting Endothelium. Flow mediated Dilatation (FMD) is a noninvasive mode of assessing endothelial dysfunction. Method: We did an observational study on 200 type 2 diabetic patients from April 2019 to June 2020 in our department .Observation and Results: FMD% was found to be lower in about 63% of study subjects which was found to be significant (p<0.0001) . FMD% was found to be inversely related to lipid profile( r= -0.16 and p<0.02), HbA1c level (r =-0.51 and  p<0.00001)and found to be significant ,FMD was inversely related to BMI but not significant(r= -0.078, p=0.27). FMD is also related to Endothelium independent Nitroglycerine Mediated Vasodilatation (NMD) which is statistically significant ( r= 0.185, p<0.008).

Conclusion: Type 2 DM is associated with endothelial dysfunction and ultimately to atheroscelerosis. Monitoring FMD may help assessment of progression of atherosclerosis.