Histopathological evaluation of premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the scale of pre malignant and malignant oral lesions.

Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Bhagalpur, Bihar, India from January 2018 to February 2019. In all these patients with abnormal mucosal change histopathological examination was done. Results: Out of 200 patients, 140 (70%) patients were reported to be pre-malignant, 60 (30%) were malignant. Of the total cases, 120 were males and 80 were females table 2. Of the malignant cases, 15 were males and 45 were females. Of the pre malignant cases, 140 were males and 35 were females. In the group of 60 patients with malignancy, 27(45%) had well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 13(21.67%) had moderately-differentiated carcinoma, 8(13.33%) had poorly-differentiated carcinoma, 6(10%) had verrucous carcinoma, 4(6.67%) had basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and 2(3.33%) had ameloblastic carcinoma (P.I.O.C). In the potentially malignant group, 79 were reported as lichen planus (56.42%), 40 were reported as OSMF (28.57%), 13 were reported as leukoplakia (9.28%), and 8(5.71%) cases were erythroplakia. Conclusion: This study revealed that pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions were widespread in the patients visiting the hospital in Bihar region.

Keywords: Malignant, Premalignant, Histopathological Features, Tobacco, Prevalence.