To assess the cervical dysplasia in relation to socio-demographic and various environmental risk factors

Abstract

Aim: To assess the cervical dysplasia in relation to socioeconomic status and various environmental risk factors.

Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, India from Sept 2017 to Nov 2018. Total 100 Married women who have pre and post-menopausal age group were included in this study.

Results: The maximum age incidence of dysplasia has been found in the age group 20-30 years 40 % and followed by 30-40 years 24% and above 50 years we found only 4 %.The incidence of cervical dysplasia was higher in women of lower socioeconomic status, 75% cases were found in low and low middle income group. Though the percentage positivity of cervical dysplasia was higher in lower socioeconomic group but it was not statistically significant from the other two socioeconomic groups. A high incidence is noted in those who are illiterate (46%) and followed by up to 8^th standard and 12^th standard and only 3 were graduate. Incidence of dysplasia high in rural 65% and 35% in urban area and  most of these women were married before the age of 20 years. Out of 100 cases; 82 % were from Hindu patients while 13% belonged to Muslims and 5% cases were from other religion. The dysplasia was more in smokers (60%) as compared to non-smokers (40%), but the difference was not statistically significant. As the number of patients were very few who smoked, the association of smoking with dysplasia cannot be predicted.Incidence of mild  dysplasia was  62 % followed by 26 %Moderate dysplasia and 12 %Sever dysplasia. The most common symptoms was vaginal discharge was present in 67% patients followed by backache and pain abdomen 8%, Menstrual complaint 7%, Intermenstrual bleeding 6% and  Post-menopausal bleeding Postcoital bleeding, Pruritus vulva vagina.

Conclusion: Dysplasia is a neoplastic precursor of invasive disease. It is important to identified the high risk population and suggest social measure to motivate and educate women for a positive attitude towards cancer consciousness to make the screening program useful for prevention cervical dysplasia.

Keywords: Cervical dysplasia, socioeconomic, risk and environmental