Feto-maternal outcome among women with GDM belongs to low socioeconomic status

Abstract

Aim: to determine the maternal and perinatal outcome in GDM during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, India from December 2017 to August 2018. Total 400 patients were included into the study. 200 GDM patients who were managed and delivered taken as cases and another 200 women with normal profile patients without GDM who delivered during the same time were taken as controls. The baseline characteristics (age, body mass index, religion, and socioeconomic status) were noted in all cases. Diagnosis of GDM was made using oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g glucose. GDM patients were started on diet following which insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents were given if required. Maternal and perinatal outcome was noted in all women. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 4.65% (200/4300). Most patients 162(81%) could be controlled on diet alone. However, 21 (10.5%) needed insulin and 17 (8.5%) needed oral hypoglycaemic agents. lower and Middle socioeconomic status was more common in GDM than control and pregnancy induced hypertension was more common in GDM 39(19.5%) than in control 14 (7%) (P = 0.014). Mode of delivery was not different in two groups. Instrumental deliveries and postpartum haemorrhage were also similar. However, mean birth weight was significantly higher in GDM (2891.81±531.31g) than in control (2721.73±639.66g) (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM was 4.65 % in this study. Adequate treatment of GDM on diet, oral hypoglycaemic agents, or insulin to achieve euglycemia can achieve near normal maternal and neonatal outcome.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, oral glucose tolerance test, perinatal complication, prevalence