A Study On Urinary Microalbuminuria And Serum Uric Acid In Patients Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of West Bengal

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia, and protein and fat metabolism derangement. About 40 % of people having type 1 diabetes (T1DM) as well as 5-15 % of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experience end-stage renal disease (ESRD). With this overview, this study was undertaken to assess the significance of microalbuminuria and uric acid in the early detection of renal involvement among patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by Department of Internal Medicine, Malda Medical College and Hospital, Malda, West Bengal, India between August 2019 to July 2020. 150 diagnosed patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the age group of 25-75 years, coming in medicine OPD were taken as cases and 150 age and sex-matched normal persons were taken as controls. The clearance was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Institution. The patients obtained informed and written consent, with the clarification of the study protocol. The demographic and biochemical parameters were compared in both cases and control by conducting unpaired t-test. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 150 cases studied, there were 55 males and 95 females whereas there were 47 males and 103 females in controls. The mean urine microalbumin (mg/g creatinine) in cases and control was calculated to76.6 ± 65.5 and 22.8± 7.6, respectively. The mean serum uric acid (mg/dl) was 6.2 ± 1.2 and 4.3 ± 0.8, respectively for cases and controls. The mean serum creatinine (mg/dl) 1.2 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.7, respectively. The age group, BMI, FPG, 2hPG, urine microalbumin were higher in cases as compared to control and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy is amongst the most serious diabetes complications and the major cause of end-stage renal disease. Strict glycemic control, microalbuminuria monitoring, and serum uric acid monitoring with better management may delay diabetic nephropathy.