Incidence and outcome of acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care hospital-A prospective study

Abstract

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is currently defined by the Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines workgroup as a rise of serum creatinine at least 0.3mg/dl from baseline within 48 hours or at least 50% higher from baseline within one week or a reduction in urine output to less than 0.5ml/kg per hour for longer than 6 hours (KDIGO, 2012). Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on Type 2 diabetic patients with acute kidney injury irrespective of age and gender at Department of General Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamilnadu from January 2019 to December 2019 (1 year). Type 2 diabetic patients 30 years or above, irrespective of gender, diagnosed to have acute kidney injury using KDIGO criteria, admitted o ICU or wards under the Department of General Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamilnadu. Results: The study was conducted in a total of 75 diabetic patients who developed acute kidney injury. There were 47 males and 28 females. The aetiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in the above patients were found out. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, fasting and post-prandial blood sugar, WBC count, platelet count and haemoglobin were included as the baseline parameters. Conclusion: Infection was the most common cause of AKI in Type 2diabetes patients in our study. Among drug induced renal failure patients, NSAIDS were noted to be most common cause. Age >60 and male gender were prevalent in the majority of AKI patients. About 52.66% of the total patients recovered to normal renal function, 13.3% recovered partially, with 14% of the total patients progressed for maintenance hemodialysis. Crude mortality rate among patients with AKI in the study group was 20%.