Mycological profile and risk factors for fungal keratitis: A three years study at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Abstract

Background: The incidence of fungal keratitis has been significantly increased in many developing countries. As fungi causing keratitis, varies as per locale and climatic condition, the local epidemiological data often guide ophthalmologists in management of patients with mycotic keratitis. The present study was conducted with an aim to know the mycological profile and risk factors for fungal keratitis at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods: Clinically suspected cases of keratitis attending ophthalmology out-patient department were included in the study. The corneal scrapings were used for the preparation of 10% potassium hydroxide mount, Gram staining and culture. The fungal isolates were identified as per standard protocol. Results: A total of 93 (34.8%) cases showed growth of fungus. Fusarium spp. (33.3%) followed by Candida spp. (22.6%) and Aspergillus spp. (22.6%) were common fungal isolates. Maximum patients were seen in age group 51-60 years (31.2%). Predominance of male gender (61.3%) was noted. Majority of patients with culture proven fungal keratitis were farmers. Ocular trauma due to vegetative matter was the most common predisposing factor. Conclusion: To minimize ocular morbidity, timely antimicrobial treatment must be initiated on the basis of clinical and microbiological evaluation.