A Cross sectional Analytical study to find out the magnitude of Microalbuminuria in Patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality mainly due to cardiovascular complications. Microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are common. Abnormal levels of urinary albumin excretion are seen in 30-40% of diabetics and is a commonest cause of end stage renal disease. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic patients and to evaluate the relation between microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index.Methods: This Cross sectional  study involved  100 Subjects of both the genders  aged 20  years to 70  years  and all classes of socio economic strata attending various local tertiary care hospitals including our Institute . Randomization was done . All patients were subjected to detail history after taking written and informed consent and detail systemic examination. They were subjected to detailed history and physical examination (including vitals, weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]), with special emphasis on the examination of cardiovascular system.

Results: Out of the 100 patients, 61 % of the patients had normal albuminuria and 39% of them had microalbuminuria. Male patients were more in both normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. Mean age of detection of diabetes among study population was in the early 40s, but the age when microalbuminuria was detected was a little higher. Body mass index was higher in patients with microalbuminuria. Blood pressure was higher among the patients with microalbuminuria compared to normal albuminuria patients. In this study, the biochemical parameters were on the higher among microalbuminuria patients . Neuropathy was commonest complication in both group of patients followed by NPDR in patients with microalbuminuria Conclusion:  Prevalence of microalbuminuria was seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertension, raised HbA1C levels, high blood sugar levels and creatinine clearance levels are the major risk factors. Hence early detection of high risk patients and the early initiation of renal and cardiovascular protective agents helps in reducing morbidity and mortality due to type 2 diabetes mellites.