An Observational Analysis on the pattern of the prescriptions in Urinary tract Infections

Abstract

Introduction : UTI can present as several syndromes associated with an inflammatory response to microbial invasion and can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to pyelonephritis with bacteremia or sepsis. Excessive and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing only serves to increase unwanted side effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance both in individually treated patients and at the societal level .This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of urinary tract infection and assess the drug utilization pattern of antibiotics for the treatment of UTI. The study also compared the antibiotic prescribing in UTI with the standard treatment guideline.Methods:Retrospective Analytical study. The local hospital antibiotic policy was used as the standard for comparing the antibiotic prescription of UTI. Data were collected from the medication orders and relevant information was entered into the systematically prepared data collection form. Data collected included patient demographics, disease details, predisposing factors, microorganisms identified, clinical manifestations and present drug therapy. Antibiotic prescribed were recorded and classified according to their chemical class.Results:. A total of 100 medication orders were collected and analyzed. The result showed that prevalence of UTI was higher among female than male. Most of the patients were presenting symptomatic UTI. The most consistent symptom to patient with UTI was fever . Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the major predisposing factors observed. Out of the organisms isolated from the specimens collected Escherichia coli was the common microorganism. Cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotic (50%) followed by fluoroquinolones (27.50%).Conclusion: Empirical treatment with antibiotic has shown increase in length of stay in hospital when compared to the antibiogram based prescribing. This shows that strict hospital guideline is mandatory to promote rational use of antibiotic which would not only prevent antibiotic resistance, but also reduce the treatment expenditure and hospital stay.