A cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia among stroke patients

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study to investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia among stroke patients in Bihar, India. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Shri krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India for 1 year. During the study period, a total of 140 stroke patients were admitted out of them, 120 patients were participated in this cross-sectional study. Age, gender, and social status, past medical history (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, transient ischemic attack, and previous history of stroke), other risk factors (smoking, alcohol use, and obesity/BMI) and family history were obtained from all the patients. Results: The mean age of 65.9 years with 76.67% of them aged above 50 years, and 66.67% of them were males. The co-morbidity, 94 (78.33%) patients had hypertension, 65(54.17%) patients had diabetes mellitus, and 12(10%) patients had transient ischemic attack. 59 patients (49.17%) were smokers, the majority of the smokers were males, and 13(10.83%) patients were obese with a BMI above 30 kg/m² with a mean of 32.3 kg/m². 96(80%) patients had a family history of hypertension, 63(52.5%) patients had a family history of stroke and 73(60.83%) patients had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Regarding the lipid profile and hyperglycemia, it was found that, 35 patients (29.17%) had LDL greater than 130 mg/ dl, 23 patients (19.17%) had cholesterol equal or greater than 200 mg/dl, 20(16.67%) patients had TAG equal or greater than 200 mg/dl, 73 (60.83%) patients had low HDL.  63 patients (52.5%) had HbA1C levels equal or greater than 6.5% and 66 patients (55%) had FBG equal or greater than 126 mg/dl. The mean level of cholesterol, LDL, HDL and TAG were 162.7, 115.4, 41.7, and 134.1mg/dl respectively. The mean of the HbA_1c was 7.1%, while the mean of FBG was 156mg/dl. Conclusion: Most of the patients with stroke had low HDL levels, high levels of FBG and HbA1c. Hypertension, DM, smoking and family history of HTN and DM are significant risk factors for the incidence of stroke.