An Observational Study On Pregnancy Induced Hypertension And It Outcome Among Patients Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Bihar

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is become a one of the major public health issue. Almost 20% - 30% of the adult population and more than 5% - 8% of all pregnancies in the world suffered from hypertension (HTN) and 5% - 22% of all pregnancies have develop some kind of medical problem due to hypertensive. Present study was conducted with objectives to study the characteristics of PIH and to find out the association of PIH with perinatal and maternal outcome. Methodology: This prospective study was done among 100 cases of PIH admitted at department of obstetrics and Gynecology in Nalanda Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar.Data collection was done after ethical permission from institutional ethical committee and informed consent of clients. Inclusion criteria for present study was all pregnant women ≥28 week of pregnancy irrespective of age and parity. The data were recorded in an Excel sheet and descriptive analysis was performed, of which data are presented in the tables and figures. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 25.7 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 5.2 years. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years. Mean gestational age was 37.2 week with 5.2 weeks SD. Most common complaint was edema (63%) followed by headache (42%) and visual disturbance (11%). Proteinuria was present in 83% of the participants. Adverse perinatal outcomes were increased with increased level of Proteinuria. Among patients with mild PIH, 32% and among patients with severe PIH, 77% had retinal changes which were reversible. Conclusion: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with multiple complications in the mother and baby, and particularly preterm delivery. Timely intervention of regular ANC check-up, nutrition, health education etc. can reduce the severity of PIH which lead to decrease in maternal and perinatal complications.