Prospective Study of Metabolic and Electrolyte Disturbances in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: Kidneys play a critical role in regulating body fluids, electrolytes and acid base balance. CKD can lead to metabolic as well as electrolyte disturbances that can result in serious adverse outcomes. Aim & Objective: To study metabolic and electrolyte disturbances in CKD patients and its correlation with GFR. Materials and Method: 100 patients of CKD were studied. Detailed clinical history and physical examination were done as per pre-fixed Performa. Relevant hematological, biochemical, radiological investigations were done for assessing renal function. Staging of CKD was done with GFR. Results: Mean age of study participants was 43 years out of them 70% were males. All the study participants were anemic out of them 28% severely, 51% moderately and 20% mildly anemic. Majority of study participants belonged to G5 category of GFR. Among electrolytes only serum sodium was found significantly associated with GFR (p value- o.oo2). Among metabolic parameters low triglyceride levels was significantly associated with GFR (p value-0.009). Conclusion: CKD patients are more prone to develop metabolic as well as electrolyte disturbances. Hence, every CKD patient should be screened for any such disturbances. Although studies on this regard is still lacking and we need further study for better understanding and management, as early screening can defer early morbidity and mortality. Therefore, serum electrolyte as well as metabolic disturbances to be included as one of the first line investigations in patients with chronic kidney disease.